Effects of Acute Muscle Contraction on the Key Molecules in Insulin and Akt Signaling in Skeletal Muscle in Health and in Insulin Resistant States

Insulin signaling plays a key role in glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, and protein lipid synthesis. In insulin-resistant states like obesity type 2 diabetes mellitus, these processes are dysregulated. Regular physical exercise is potential therapeutic strategy against insulin resistance, as an acute bout of increases disposal during the activity for hours into recovery. Chronic activation proteins involved transport, even resistant states. Here, we will focus on effect kinase B (Akt) pathways. Activation proximal (insulin receptor, receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphoinoside-3 (PI3K)) unchanged response to exercise/contraction, while Akt its substrates, TBC1 domain family 1 (TBC1D1), TBC 4 (TBC1D4) such exercise/contraction. A wide array substrates also regulated by exercise. Additionally, AMP-activated (AMPK) seems be main mediator benefits skeletal muscle. Questions persist how mTORC1 AMPK, two opposing regulators, both upregulated after